The diffusion method has even lower computational costs and is suitable for simple geometries without bends or varying cross sections. In summary, the adaptive method provides the best solution for most cases at comparatively low computational costs. This blog post has described the different methods for defining the curvilinear coordinate systems that are available in COMSOL Multiphysics as well as when to choose one over another. You can select them from the Expressions menu in the corresponding Settings window or simply type ht.kxx (where ht is the tag for the Heat Transfer in Solids interface that was used for this model). In this model, you can plot the components of the thermal conductivity vector in a Slice plot, for example. All methods compute a vector field, \mathbf. These are precisely the methods that are used in the COMSOL® software to compute the curvilinear system. How can such a coordinate system be determined? Physically, there are numerous effects that result in a vector field following the shape of the geometry for instance, flow through the fibers or heat conduction from one end to the other or even a bundle of current-carrying wires that produce a magnetic field. If we had a coordinate system that follows the fibers, it would be straightforward to specify the anisotropic properties. It is almost impossible to express the anisotropy referring to the well-known Cartesian coordinate system. The woven fibers embedded in an epoxy matrix have high thermal conductivity along the fiber axis and low conductivity in the cross section. Let’s revisit this application and consider a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer. ![]() ![]() In a previous blog post, we saw how to use the Curvilinear Coordinates interface and how to apply it to account for anisotropic thermal conductivity. Here, we discuss the concepts of each and when to use which method.Īnisotropic properties are found in a wide variety of areas, such as rock formations with anisotropic seismic properties liquid crystals used in LCD displays materials for the aerospace industry, which must be lightweight and still withstand high loads or soft tissues that biomedical replacements should mimic for optimal performance. The COMSOL Multiphysics® software offers different methods for defining curvilinear coordinate systems. A lot of materials have anisotropic properties and, in many cases, the anisotropy follows the shape of the material.
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